"laughen" meaning in Middle English

See laughen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /ˈlau̯xən/, /ˈlaxən/, /ˈlæi̯xən/, /ˈlɛxən/, /ˈlixən/ (note: Buckinghamshire, East Saxon, Kent, Southern)
Etymology: Inherited from Old English hlæhhan, alternative form of hlehhan, hliehhan, from Proto-West Germanic *hlahhjan, from Proto-Germanic *hlahjaną. Etymology templates: {{etymon|enm|:inh|ang:hlæhhan}} [Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*klek-", "status" : "missing", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Germanic", "term" : "*hlahjaną", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "gem-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-West Germanic", "term" : "*hlahhjan", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "gmw-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Old English", "term" : "hliehhan", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ang" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Old English", "term" : "hlæhhan", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ang" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Middle English", "term" : "laughen", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "enm" }" data-lang="enm" data-title="laughen">, {{yesno||i|I}} I, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|enm|ang|hlæhhan|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old English hlæhhan, {{inh+|enm|ang|hlæhhan}} Inherited from Old English hlæhhan, {{inh|enm|gmw-pro|*hlahhjan}} Proto-West Germanic *hlahhjan, {{inh|enm|gem-pro|*hlahjaną}} Proto-Germanic *hlahjaną Head templates: {{head|enm|verb|head=}} laughen, {{enm-verb|laugheth|laughynge|lough|laughen}} laughen (third-person singular simple present laugheth, present participle laughynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative lough, past participle laughen) Inflection templates: {{enm-conj-st|laugh|lough|low|laugh|2a=low|c=6|w=ede|y=0}} Forms: laugheth [present, singular, third-person], laughynge [participle, present], lough [first-person, indicative, past, singular, third-person], laughen [participle, past], strong weak [table-tags], laughen [infinitive], to laughen [infinitive], laughe [infinitive], laughe [first-person, present, singular], lough [first-person, past, singular], low [first-person, past, singular], laughed [first-person, past, singular], laughede [first-person, past, singular], laughest [present, second-person, singular], lowe [past, second-person, singular], laughedest [past, second-person, singular], laugheth [present, singular, third-person], lough [past, singular, third-person], low [past, singular, third-person], laughed [past, singular, third-person], laughede [past, singular, third-person], laughe [present, singular, subjunctive], lowe [past, singular, subjunctive], laughed [past, singular, subjunctive], laughede [past, singular, subjunctive], laughe [imperative, present, singular], - [imperative, past, singular], laughen [plural, present], laughe [plural, present], lowen [past, plural], lowe [past, plural], laugheden [past, plural], laughed [past, plural], laughede [past, plural], laugheth [imperative, plural, present], laughe [imperative, plural, present], - [imperative, past, plural], laughynge [participle, present], laughende [participle, present], laughen [participle, past], laughe [participle, past], laughed [participle, past], laghen [alternative], laughe [alternative], lauȝ [alternative], lauȝe [alternative], lauȝen [alternative], lauȝhe [alternative], lawe [alternative], lawen [alternative], lawghe [alternative], lawghen [alternative], lawȝe [alternative], lawhe [alternative], lawhen [alternative], lahen [alternative, Early-Middle-English], lauhwen [alternative, Early-Middle-English], lahhe [alternative], lahhen [alternative], lehȝen [alternative], lihȝen [alternative], lahhȝhenn [alternative, Ormulum], leighȝen [alternative], leiȝe [alternative], leyȝe [alternative], leygh [alternative], liȝe [alternative], liyhe [alternative], lyȝhe [alternative], lyhe [alternative], leȝȝe [alternative, Kent], lheȝȝe [alternative, Kent], lauȝwe [alternative], lauȝwhe [alternative], lauȝwhen [alternative], lauhe [alternative], lauhwhe [alternative], lawhyn [alternative], lawyn [alternative], laghe [alternative, Northern], lauch [alternative], laucht [alternative]
  1. To laugh; to break out in laughter.
    Sense id: en-laughen-enm-verb-7S~H0Plb Categories (other): Middle English entries with etymon, Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Emotions, Laughter Disambiguation of Middle English entries with etymon: 27 24 17 19 13 Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 26 22 16 18 18 Disambiguation of Emotions: 14 41 38 7 Disambiguation of Laughter: 80 6 7 8
  2. To express glee or joyfulness; to show happiness.
    Sense id: en-laughen-enm-verb-6Coylnme Categories (other): Middle English entries with etymon, Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Emotions Disambiguation of Middle English entries with etymon: 27 24 17 19 13 Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 26 22 16 18 18 Disambiguation of Emotions: 14 41 38 7
  3. (usually with a preposition) To reminisce about; to remember with affection. Tags: usually
    Sense id: en-laughen-enm-verb-XGFG4v~H Categories (other): Middle English entries with etymon, Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Emotions Disambiguation of Middle English entries with etymon: 27 24 17 19 13 Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 26 22 16 18 18 Disambiguation of Emotions: 14 41 38 7
  4. (rare) To laugh about (an incident or thing). Tags: rare
    Sense id: en-laughen-enm-verb-BmB6ATJP Categories (other): Middle English entries with etymon, Middle English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Middle English entries with etymon: 27 24 17 19 13 Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 26 22 16 18 18
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: laughter, laughynge

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "laughter"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "laughynge"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "laugh"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "lauch"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "lauch"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Yola",
      "lang_code": "yol",
      "word": "leeigh"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Yola",
      "lang_code": "yol",
      "word": "leigh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "ang:hlæhhan"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*klek-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*hlahjaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*hlahhjan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"hliehhan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"hlæhhan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"laughen\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"laughen\">",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "hlæhhan",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old English hlæhhan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "hlæhhan"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old English hlæhhan",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*hlahhjan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hlahhjan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*hlahjaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hlahjaną",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English hlæhhan, alternative form of hlehhan, hliehhan, from Proto-West Germanic *hlahhjan, from Proto-Germanic *hlahjaną.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "laugheth",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laughynge",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lough",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laughen",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-st",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "6 or weak in -ede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laughen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to laughen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laughe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laughe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lough",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "low",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laughed",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laughede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laughest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lowe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laughedest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laugheth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lough",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "low",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laughed",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laughede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laughe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lowe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laughed",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laughede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laughe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laughen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laughe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lowen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lowe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laugheden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laughed",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laughede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laugheth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laughe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laughynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laughende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laughen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laughe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laughed",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laghen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laughe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lauȝ",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lauȝe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lauȝen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lauȝhe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lawe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lawen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lawghe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lawghen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lawȝe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lawhe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lawhen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lahen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lauhwen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lahhe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lahhen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lehȝen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lihȝen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lahhȝhenn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Ormulum"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leighȝen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leiȝe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leyȝe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leygh",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liȝe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liyhe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lyȝhe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lyhe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leȝȝe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Kent"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lheȝȝe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Kent"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lauȝwe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lauȝwhe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lauȝwhen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lauhe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lauhwhe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lawhyn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lawyn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laghe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Northern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lauch",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laucht",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "laughen",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "laugheth",
        "2": "laughynge",
        "3": "lough",
        "4": "laughen"
      },
      "expansion": "laughen (third-person singular simple present laugheth, present participle laughynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative lough, past participle laughen)",
      "name": "enm-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "laugh",
        "2": "lough",
        "2a": "low",
        "3": "low",
        "4": "laugh",
        "c": "6",
        "w": "ede",
        "y": "0"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-st"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "27 24 17 19 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 22 16 18 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 41 38 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Emotions",
          "orig": "enm:Emotions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "80 6 7 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Laughter",
          "orig": "enm:Laughter",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              78,
              83
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              75,
              82
            ]
          ],
          "english": "But right away the worthy Knight started / when he saw that all the people laughed: / \"No more of this, because that's enough!",
          "ref": "a. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Knight's Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, lines 961–963:",
          "text": "But right anon the worthy Knyght bigan / whan that he saugh that al the peple lough: / \"Namoore of this, for it is right ynough!",
          "translation": "But right away the worthy Knight started / when he saw that all the people laughed: / \"No more of this, because that's enough!",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To laugh; to break out in laughter."
      ],
      "id": "en-laughen-enm-verb-7S~H0Plb",
      "links": [
        [
          "laugh",
          "laugh"
        ],
        [
          "laughter",
          "laughter"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "27 24 17 19 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 22 16 18 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 41 38 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Emotions",
          "orig": "enm:Emotions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              10,
              18
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              10,
              16
            ]
          ],
          "english": "And Venus laughs about every person / As January has become her knight",
          "ref": "a. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Merchant's Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, lines 1723–1724:",
          "text": "And Venus laugheth upon every wight / For Januarie was bicome hir knyght",
          "translation": "And Venus laughs about every person / As January has become her knight",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To express glee or joyfulness; to show happiness."
      ],
      "id": "en-laughen-enm-verb-6Coylnme",
      "links": [
        [
          "glee",
          "glee"
        ],
        [
          "joyfulness",
          "joyfulness"
        ],
        [
          "happiness",
          "happiness"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "27 24 17 19 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 22 16 18 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 41 38 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Emotions",
          "orig": "enm:Emotions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To reminisce about; to remember with affection."
      ],
      "id": "en-laughen-enm-verb-XGFG4v~H",
      "links": [
        [
          "reminisce",
          "reminisce"
        ],
        [
          "remember",
          "remember"
        ],
        [
          "affection",
          "affection"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(usually with a preposition) To reminisce about; to remember with affection."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "with a preposition"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "27 24 17 19 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 22 16 18 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To laugh about (an incident or thing)."
      ],
      "id": "en-laughen-enm-verb-BmB6ATJP",
      "links": [
        [
          "laugh",
          "laugh"
        ],
        [
          "incident",
          "incident#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) To laugh about (an incident or thing)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈlau̯xən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈlaxən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈlæi̯xən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈlɛxən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈlixən/",
      "note": "Buckinghamshire, East Saxon, Kent, Southern"
    }
  ],
  "word": "laughen"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English class 6 strong verbs",
    "Middle English entries with etymon",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English verbs",
    "Middle English weak verbs",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymon",
    "enm:Emotions",
    "enm:Laughter"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "laughter"
    },
    {
      "word": "laughynge"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "laugh"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "lauch"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "lauch"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Yola",
      "lang_code": "yol",
      "word": "leeigh"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Yola",
      "lang_code": "yol",
      "word": "leigh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "ang:hlæhhan"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*klek-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*hlahjaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*hlahhjan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"hliehhan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"hlæhhan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"laughen\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"laughen\">",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "hlæhhan",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old English hlæhhan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "hlæhhan"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old English hlæhhan",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*hlahhjan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hlahhjan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*hlahjaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hlahjaną",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English hlæhhan, alternative form of hlehhan, hliehhan, from Proto-West Germanic *hlahhjan, from Proto-Germanic *hlahjaną.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "laugheth",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laughynge",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lough",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laughen",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-st",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "6 or weak in -ede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laughen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to laughen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laughe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laughe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lough",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "low",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laughed",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laughede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laughest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lowe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laughedest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laugheth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lough",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "low",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laughed",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laughede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laughe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lowe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laughed",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laughede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laughe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laughen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laughe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lowen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lowe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laugheden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laughed",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laughede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laugheth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laughe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laughynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laughende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laughen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laughe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laughed",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laghen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laughe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lauȝ",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lauȝe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lauȝen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lauȝhe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lawe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lawen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lawghe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lawghen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lawȝe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lawhe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lawhen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lahen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lauhwen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lahhe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lahhen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lehȝen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lihȝen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lahhȝhenn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Ormulum"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leighȝen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leiȝe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leyȝe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leygh",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liȝe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liyhe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lyȝhe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lyhe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leȝȝe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Kent"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lheȝȝe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Kent"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lauȝwe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lauȝwhe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lauȝwhen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lauhe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lauhwhe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lawhyn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lawyn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laghe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Northern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lauch",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laucht",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "laughen",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "laugheth",
        "2": "laughynge",
        "3": "lough",
        "4": "laughen"
      },
      "expansion": "laughen (third-person singular simple present laugheth, present participle laughynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative lough, past participle laughen)",
      "name": "enm-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "laugh",
        "2": "lough",
        "2a": "low",
        "3": "low",
        "4": "laugh",
        "c": "6",
        "w": "ede",
        "y": "0"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-st"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              78,
              83
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              75,
              82
            ]
          ],
          "english": "But right away the worthy Knight started / when he saw that all the people laughed: / \"No more of this, because that's enough!",
          "ref": "a. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Knight's Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, lines 961–963:",
          "text": "But right anon the worthy Knyght bigan / whan that he saugh that al the peple lough: / \"Namoore of this, for it is right ynough!",
          "translation": "But right away the worthy Knight started / when he saw that all the people laughed: / \"No more of this, because that's enough!",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To laugh; to break out in laughter."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "laugh",
          "laugh"
        ],
        [
          "laughter",
          "laughter"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              10,
              18
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              10,
              16
            ]
          ],
          "english": "And Venus laughs about every person / As January has become her knight",
          "ref": "a. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Merchant's Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, lines 1723–1724:",
          "text": "And Venus laugheth upon every wight / For Januarie was bicome hir knyght",
          "translation": "And Venus laughs about every person / As January has become her knight",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To express glee or joyfulness; to show happiness."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "glee",
          "glee"
        ],
        [
          "joyfulness",
          "joyfulness"
        ],
        [
          "happiness",
          "happiness"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To reminisce about; to remember with affection."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "reminisce",
          "reminisce"
        ],
        [
          "remember",
          "remember"
        ],
        [
          "affection",
          "affection"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(usually with a preposition) To reminisce about; to remember with affection."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "with a preposition"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To laugh about (an incident or thing)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "laugh",
          "laugh"
        ],
        [
          "incident",
          "incident#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) To laugh about (an incident or thing)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈlau̯xən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈlaxən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈlæi̯xən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈlɛxən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈlixən/",
      "note": "Buckinghamshire, East Saxon, Kent, Southern"
    }
  ],
  "word": "laughen"
}

Download raw JSONL data for laughen meaning in Middle English (11.5kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.